Delegates from 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement at the conclusion of the United Nations climate conference held at Le Bourget outside the French capital.
The accord commits signatories to submit nationally determined contributions and to strengthen them in five-year cycles, with a long-term goal of holding warming well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It replaced the top-down architecture of the Kyoto Protocol with a system of national pledges and review.
Developing countries secured recognition of loss and damage and a commitment to mobilise $100bn a year in climate finance, though the mechanics of that finance remained contested for years afterwards.
