Delegates from 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement at the conclusion of the United Nations climate conference held at Le Bourget outside the French capital.
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The accord commits signatories to submit nationally determined contributions and to strengthen them in five-year cycles, with a long-term goal of holding warming well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It replaced the top-down architecture of the Kyoto Protocol with a system of national pledges and review.
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Developing countries secured recognition of loss and damage and a commitment to mobilise $100bn a year in climate finance, though the mechanics of that finance remained contested for years afterwards.














